Etika Profesi Bimbingan dan Konseling: Menghadapi Tantangan Kerahasiaan dalam Layanan Konseling Online
Keywords:
Confidentiality, Guidance and Counseling Online Counseling, Professional Ethics.
Abstract
Rapid changes in the world of education triggered by technological advances have stimulated interest in the use of online counseling as a method of mental health services. The COVID-19 pandemic has also accelerated the shift to online counseling as a primary option. The research results show that online counseling has equivalent effectiveness to face-to-face counseling. However, there are a number of ethical issues that need to be considered in online counseling practices, especially those related to the confidentiality and security of client data. Efforts to maintain confidentiality are a priority, including the use of secure technology and communication via encrypted platforms. Counselors need to understand the potential risks involved and continually increase their knowledge of online counseling ethics. This study used a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to investigate the development of online counseling practices and related ethical issues. In Indonesia, ABKIN has not yet issued standard guidelines for counseling services via the internet, so this is a challenge in maintaining client confidentiality in this country.
References
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Ardi, Z., Putra, M. R. M., & Ifdil, I. (2017). Ethics And Legal Issues In Online Counseling Services: Counseling Principles Analysis. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan dan Konseling: Jurnal Kajian Psikologi Pendidikan dan Bimbingan Konseling, 3(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.26858/jpkk.v0i0.3657
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Bambling, M., King, R., Reid, W., & Wegner, K. (2008). Online counselling: The experience of counsellors providing synchronous single-session counselling to young people. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 8(2), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140802055011
Blegur, R., Gading, N. P., Karo, D. B., & Rini, N. P. (2023). Layanan Konseling Online dan Sikap Etis Kristen. Jurnal Abdiel: Khazanah Pemikiran Teologi, Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Musik Gereja, 7(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.37368/ja.v7i1.455
Bloom, J. W. (1998). The ethical practice of Web C ounseling. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 26(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069889808253838
Bolton, J. (2017). The ethical issues which must be addressed in online counselling. Australian Counselling Research Journal, 11(1), 1–29. https://www.acrjournal.com.au/resources/assets/journals/Volume-11-Issue-1-2017/Volume-11-Issue-1-2017-FULL.pdf
Castelnuovo, G., Gaggioli, A., Mantovani, F., & Riva, G. (2003). From Psychotherapy to e-Therapy : The Integration of Clinical Settings. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 6(4), 375–382.
Chang, T. (2005). Online Counseling: Prioritizing Psychoeducation, Self-Help, and Mutual Help for Counseling Psychology Research and Practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 33(6), 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005279962
Chester, A., & Glass, C. A. (2006). Online counselling: A descriptive analysis of therapy services on the Internet. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 34(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880600583170
Cipolletta, S., & Mocellin, D. (2018). Online counseling: An exploratory survey of Italian psychologists’ attitudes towards new ways of interaction†. Psychotherapy Research, 28(6), 909–924. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1259533
Fantus, S., & Mishna, F. (2013). The Ethical and Clinical Implications of Utilizing Cybercommunication in Face-to-Face Therapy. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 83(4), 466–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377317.2013.833049
Fenichel, M., Suler, J., Barak, A., Zelvin, E., Jones, G., Munro, K., Meunier, V., & Walker-Schmucker, W. (2002). Myths and realities of online clinical work. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 5(5), 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102761022904
Gozali, A. (2020). Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Pendidikan Islam Coution : Journal of Counseling and Education LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DARING SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. 1(2), 7–16.
Handika, M., & Marjo, H. K. (2022). Etika Pelaksanaan Konseling Berbasis Online dengan Pemanfaatan Media dan Teknologi pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Paedagogy: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 9(2), 255–265.
Harris, B., & Birnbaum, R. (2015). Ethical and Legal Implications on the Use of Technology in Counselling. Clinical Social Work Journal, 43(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-014-0515-0
Haryati, A. (2018). Personal integrity of islamic counselor on professional ethics commitment. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 1(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v1i1.191
Haryati, A. (2020). Online Counseling Sebagai Alternatif Strategi Konselor dalam Melaksanakan Pelayanan E-Counseling di Era Industri 4.0. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 2(2), 27–38.
https://doi.org/10.51214/bocp.v2i2.33
Heinlen, K. T., Reynolds Welfel, E., Richmond, E. N., & Rak, C. F. (2003). The scope of webcounseling: A survey of services and compliance with NBCC standards for the ethical practice of WebCounseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 81(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2003.tb00226.x
Jannah, R., & Marjo, H. K. (2022). Etika Profesi Konselor dalam Layanan Bimbingan Konseling Virtual. Jurnal Paedagogy, 9(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v9i1.4556
Lame, G. (2019). Systematic literature reviews: An introduction. Proceedings of the International Conference on
Engineering Design, ICED, 2019-Augus(July), 1633–1642. https://doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.169
Li, P., Lau, Jaladin, R. A. M., & Abdullah, H. S. (2013). Understanding the Two Sides of Online Counseling and their Ethical and Legal Ramifications. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103(2), 1243–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.453
Lustgarten, S. D., Garrison, Y. L., Sinnard, M. T., & Flynn, A. W. (2020). Digital privacy in mental healthcare: current issues and recommendations for technology use. Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.012
Mallen, M. J., Jenkins, I. M., Vogel, D. L., & Day, S. X. (2011). Online counselling: An initial examination of the process in a synchronous chat environment. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 11(3), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733145.2010.486865
Mallen, M. J., & Vogel, D. L. (2005). Introduction to the Major Contribution: Counseling Psychology and Online Counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 33(6), 761–775. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005278623
Munawaroh, E., Folastri, S., Nugraheni, E. P., & Isrofin, B. (2021). Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling : Theory and Application Analisis Isu Etis dalam Konseling Online dan Rekomendasi untuk Perbaikan Praktik di
Masa Depan keefektifan yang sama seperti halnya konseling secara langsung atau face to dimediasi ole. Ijgc, 10(2), 24–34.
Pasmawati, H. (2016). Cyber Counseling Sebagai Metode Pengembangan Layanan Konseling Di Era Global. Jurnal Ilmiah Syiar, 16(2), 34–54. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/288048/
Prasetiawan, H., & Prasetiawan, H. (2016). Cyber Counseling Assisted With Facebook To Reduce Online Game Addiction. GUIDENA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Psikologi, Bimbingan dan Konseling, 6(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.24127/gdn.v6i1.409
Prayitno, H., & Amti, E. (2004). Dasar-dasar bimbingan dan konseling. Pusat Perbukuan, Depdiknas.
Pulat, M., & Yıldırım, F. B.-. (2021). Online Counseling and Ethics : A Systematic Review of Empirical Research 1 Çevrim İ çi Psik olojik Danışma ve Etik : Kanıta Dayalı Araştırmaların Sistematik Bir Alanyazın Taraması. 1(January 2022), 1–12.
Reamer, F. G. (2013). Social work in a digital age: Ethical and risk management challenges. Social Work (United States), 58(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swt003
Stoll, J., Müller, J. A., & Trachsel, M. (2020). Ethical Issues in Online Psychotherapy: A Narrative Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(February), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00993
Sutijono, & Farid, D. A. M. (2018). Cyber Counseling di Era Generasi Milenial. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Kemanusian, 11(1), 19–32. www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/sosiohumanika
Syamila, D., & Herdi, H. (2021). Konseling Online: Pemanfaatan Teknologi dalam Layanan Konseling Kelompok di SMP Global Islamic School Jakarta. Jurnal Paedagogy, 8(4), 475–481. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v8i4.3997
Triyono, T., Dwi Febriani, R., Hidayat, H., & Nora Dwi Putri, B. (2019). Pelatihan Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi Kepada Guru Bimbingan Dan Konseling. Wahana Dedikasi : Jurnal PkM Ilmu Kependidikan, 2(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.31851/dedikasi.v2i1.2829
Zeren, S. G., Erus, S. M., Amanvermez, Y., Genc, A. B., Yilmaz, M. B., & Duy, B. (2020). The effectiveness of online counseling for university students in Turkey: A non-randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(2), 825–834. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.2.825
ACA. (2006). ACA Code of Ethics. Journal of Counseling & Development, 84(2), 235–254.
Aniswita, Neviyarni, Mudjiran, & Nirwana, H. (2021). Kode Etik Konseling: Teoritik Dan Praksis. Inovasi Pendidikan, 8(1a), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.31869/ip.v8i1a.2745
Ardi, Z., & Ifdil, I. (2013). Konseling Online Sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Pelayanan E-konseling. Jurnal Konseling dan Pendidikan, 1(1), 15–22.
Ardi, Z., Putra, M. R. M., & Ifdil, I. (2017). Ethics And Legal Issues In Online Counseling Services: Counseling Principles Analysis. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan dan Konseling: Jurnal Kajian Psikologi Pendidikan dan Bimbingan Konseling, 3(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.26858/jpkk.v0i0.3657
Ayub, M., & Marjo, H. K. (2022). Etika Profesi Konselor Dalam Pelaksanaan Layanan Konseling Online Abad 21. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling (JPDK), 4(6), 1349–1358.
Bambling, M., King, R., Reid, W., & Wegner, K. (2008). Online counselling: The experience of counsellors providing synchronous single-session counselling to young people. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 8(2), 110–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140802055011
Blegur, R., Gading, N. P., Karo, D. B., & Rini, N. P. (2023). Layanan Konseling Online dan Sikap Etis Kristen. Jurnal Abdiel: Khazanah Pemikiran Teologi, Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Musik Gereja, 7(1), 37–53. https://doi.org/10.37368/ja.v7i1.455
Bloom, J. W. (1998). The ethical practice of Web C ounseling. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 26(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069889808253838
Bolton, J. (2017). The ethical issues which must be addressed in online counselling. Australian Counselling Research Journal, 11(1), 1–29. https://www.acrjournal.com.au/resources/assets/journals/Volume-11-Issue-1-2017/Volume-11-Issue-1-2017-FULL.pdf
Castelnuovo, G., Gaggioli, A., Mantovani, F., & Riva, G. (2003). From Psychotherapy to e-Therapy : The Integration of Clinical Settings. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 6(4), 375–382.
Chang, T. (2005). Online Counseling: Prioritizing Psychoeducation, Self-Help, and Mutual Help for Counseling Psychology Research and Practice. The Counseling Psychologist, 33(6), 881–890. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005279962
Chester, A., & Glass, C. A. (2006). Online counselling: A descriptive analysis of therapy services on the Internet. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 34(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069880600583170
Cipolletta, S., & Mocellin, D. (2018). Online counseling: An exploratory survey of Italian psychologists’ attitudes towards new ways of interaction†. Psychotherapy Research, 28(6), 909–924. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2016.1259533
Fantus, S., & Mishna, F. (2013). The Ethical and Clinical Implications of Utilizing Cybercommunication in Face-to-Face Therapy. Smith College Studies in Social Work, 83(4), 466–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377317.2013.833049
Fenichel, M., Suler, J., Barak, A., Zelvin, E., Jones, G., Munro, K., Meunier, V., & Walker-Schmucker, W. (2002). Myths and realities of online clinical work. Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 5(5), 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102761022904
Gozali, A. (2020). Jurnal Bimbingan Konseling Pendidikan Islam Coution : Journal of Counseling and Education LAYANAN BIMBINGAN DAN KONSELING DARING SELAMA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19. 1(2), 7–16.
Handika, M., & Marjo, H. K. (2022). Etika Pelaksanaan Konseling Berbasis Online dengan Pemanfaatan Media dan Teknologi pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Paedagogy: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 9(2), 255–265.
Harris, B., & Birnbaum, R. (2015). Ethical and Legal Implications on the Use of Technology in Counselling. Clinical Social Work Journal, 43(2), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-014-0515-0
Haryati, A. (2018). Personal integrity of islamic counselor on professional ethics commitment. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 1(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v1i1.191
Haryati, A. (2020). Online Counseling Sebagai Alternatif Strategi Konselor dalam Melaksanakan Pelayanan E-Counseling di Era Industri 4.0. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 2(2), 27–38.
https://doi.org/10.51214/bocp.v2i2.33
Heinlen, K. T., Reynolds Welfel, E., Richmond, E. N., & Rak, C. F. (2003). The scope of webcounseling: A survey of services and compliance with NBCC standards for the ethical practice of WebCounseling. Journal of Counseling and Development, 81(1), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2003.tb00226.x
Jannah, R., & Marjo, H. K. (2022). Etika Profesi Konselor dalam Layanan Bimbingan Konseling Virtual. Jurnal Paedagogy, 9(1), 55. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v9i1.4556
Lame, G. (2019). Systematic literature reviews: An introduction. Proceedings of the International Conference on
Engineering Design, ICED, 2019-Augus(July), 1633–1642. https://doi.org/10.1017/dsi.2019.169
Li, P., Lau, Jaladin, R. A. M., & Abdullah, H. S. (2013). Understanding the Two Sides of Online Counseling and their Ethical and Legal Ramifications. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103(2), 1243–1251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.453
Lustgarten, S. D., Garrison, Y. L., Sinnard, M. T., & Flynn, A. W. (2020). Digital privacy in mental healthcare: current issues and recommendations for technology use. Current Opinion in Psychology, 36, 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.03.012
Mallen, M. J., Jenkins, I. M., Vogel, D. L., & Day, S. X. (2011). Online counselling: An initial examination of the process in a synchronous chat environment. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 11(3), 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733145.2010.486865
Mallen, M. J., & Vogel, D. L. (2005). Introduction to the Major Contribution: Counseling Psychology and Online Counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 33(6), 761–775. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000005278623
Munawaroh, E., Folastri, S., Nugraheni, E. P., & Isrofin, B. (2021). Indonesian Journal of Guidance and Counseling : Theory and Application Analisis Isu Etis dalam Konseling Online dan Rekomendasi untuk Perbaikan Praktik di
Masa Depan keefektifan yang sama seperti halnya konseling secara langsung atau face to dimediasi ole. Ijgc, 10(2), 24–34.
Pasmawati, H. (2016). Cyber Counseling Sebagai Metode Pengembangan Layanan Konseling Di Era Global. Jurnal Ilmiah Syiar, 16(2), 34–54. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/288048/
Prasetiawan, H., & Prasetiawan, H. (2016). Cyber Counseling Assisted With Facebook To Reduce Online Game Addiction. GUIDENA: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Psikologi, Bimbingan dan Konseling, 6(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.24127/gdn.v6i1.409
Prayitno, H., & Amti, E. (2004). Dasar-dasar bimbingan dan konseling. Pusat Perbukuan, Depdiknas.
Pulat, M., & Yıldırım, F. B.-. (2021). Online Counseling and Ethics : A Systematic Review of Empirical Research 1 Çevrim İ çi Psik olojik Danışma ve Etik : Kanıta Dayalı Araştırmaların Sistematik Bir Alanyazın Taraması. 1(January 2022), 1–12.
Reamer, F. G. (2013). Social work in a digital age: Ethical and risk management challenges. Social Work (United States), 58(2), 163–172. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/swt003
Stoll, J., Müller, J. A., & Trachsel, M. (2020). Ethical Issues in Online Psychotherapy: A Narrative Review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10(February), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00993
Sutijono, & Farid, D. A. M. (2018). Cyber Counseling di Era Generasi Milenial. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Kemanusian, 11(1), 19–32. www.journals.mindamas.com/index.php/sosiohumanika
Syamila, D., & Herdi, H. (2021). Konseling Online: Pemanfaatan Teknologi dalam Layanan Konseling Kelompok di SMP Global Islamic School Jakarta. Jurnal Paedagogy, 8(4), 475–481. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v8i4.3997
Triyono, T., Dwi Febriani, R., Hidayat, H., & Nora Dwi Putri, B. (2019). Pelatihan Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi Kepada Guru Bimbingan Dan Konseling. Wahana Dedikasi : Jurnal PkM Ilmu Kependidikan, 2(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.31851/dedikasi.v2i1.2829
Zeren, S. G., Erus, S. M., Amanvermez, Y., Genc, A. B., Yilmaz, M. B., & Duy, B. (2020). The effectiveness of online counseling for university students in Turkey: A non-randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(2), 825–834. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.9.2.825
Published
2024-01-31
How to Cite
Anindya, J., Budiman, N., & Nadhiroh, N. (2024). Etika Profesi Bimbingan dan Konseling: Menghadapi Tantangan Kerahasiaan dalam Layanan Konseling Online. Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling, 8(1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.30653/001.202481.329
Section
Theoretical/Conceptual Article
Copyright (c) 2024 Jovita Anindya Anindya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
