Resilience and Gender as Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions among Secondary School Students in Kwara State, Nigeria

Umar Talatu Ibrahim

doi:10.30653/001.202042.132

Umar Talatu Ibrahim Umar Musa Yar’adua University

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30653/001.202042.132

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Intentions, Gender, Resilience, Secondary School Students

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate resilience and gender as determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among secondary school students in Kwara State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of ex-post-facto type was used in the study. Five hundred respondents were selected randomly from 5 Local Government Area in Kwara State, Nigeria. The respondents were measured with validated scale and the data obtained was analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) statistical analysis. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05level of significance. The result showed that there was significant relationship between the resilience and entrepreneurial intentions among secondary school students (r = 0.817; p < 0.05) and there no significant difference in the entrepreneurial intentions of male and female secondary school students (t = 0.71; p > 0.05). In view of these findings, the study recommended that the entrepreneurship training should be made compulsory at all levels of learning from primary schools to the tertiary institutions and curriculum should be tailored towards learning the skills for starting businesses after graduation from school, thus changing the orientation of the students at an early stage towards entrepreneurship.

References

Adeleke, J. O. (2007). Identification and effect of cognitive entry characteristics on students’ learning outcomes in bearing in Mathematics, Unpublished Ph. D Thesis, University of Ibadan.

Ajzen, I. (2001). Nature and operation of attitudes. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 27-58.

Bandura, A. (1992). Exercise of personal agency through the self-efficacy mechanisms. Self-efficacy: Thought control of action (Ed. R. Schwarzer). Washington, DC: Hemisphere.

Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self‐efficacy beliefs as shapers of children's aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 187-206.

Begley, T. M., & Boyd, D. P. (1987). A comparison of entrepreneurs and managers of small business firms. Journal of Management, 13(1), 99-108.

Begley, T. M. and Boyd, D. P. (1986). Psychological characteristics associated with Entrepreneurial Performance. In R. Ronstadt (Ed.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research (pp. 146-165). Wellesley, Mass: Babson Center for Entrepreneurial Studies.

Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453.

Brockhaus, R. (1982). The Psychology of the entrepreneur. In C. Kent, D. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneurship. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Brush, C., Carter, N., Gatewood, E., Greene, P. and Hart, M. (2004). Clearing the Hurdles: women building high-growth Businesses. Saddle River, NJ: Financial Times Prentice Hall Books.

Brush, C. G. (1992). Research on women business owners: Past trends, a new perspective and future directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(4), 5-30.

Carter, S. (2000). Improving the numbers and performance of women‐owned businesses: some implications for training and advisory services. Education+ Training, 42, 326-333.

Eccles, J. S. (1994). Understanding women's educational and occupational choices: Applying the Eccles et al. model of achievement-related choices. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18(4), 585-609.

Fayolle, A., & Gailly, B. (2004). Using the theory of planned behaviour to assess entrepreneurship teaching programs: a first experimentation. In IntEnt2004 Conference (pp. 5-7). International Enterprise 2004 Conference, Naples (Italy), 5-7 July 2004.

Fini, R., Grimaldi, R., Marzocchi, G. L., & Sobrero, M. (2009). The foundation of entrepreneurial intention. Research seminars, Center for Strategic Management and Globalization at Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark. Retrieved February, 22, 2009 from http://ssrn.com/abstract=1313225

Heilman, M. E. (2001). Description and prescription: How gender stereotypes prevent women's ascent up the organizational ladder. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 657-674.

Hisrich R. D., & Peters, M. P. (1998). Entrepreneurship, 4th ed n. New York: Prentice Hall.

Hull, D. L., Bosley, J. J., & Udell, G. G. (1980). Renewing the hunt for the heffalump, ıdentifying potential entrepreneurs by personality characteristics. Journal of Small Business, 18(1), 11-18.

Kickul, J., Wilson, F., & Marlino, D. (2004). Are misalignments of perceptions and self efficacy causing gender gaps in entrepreneurial ıntentions among our nations’ teens?. Manuscript Presented at Babson-Kauffman Research Conference, Glasgow, Scotland.

Krueger Jr, N. F., & Brazeal, D. V. (1994). Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 18(3), 91-104.

Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of business venturing, 15(5-6), 411-432.

Lee, S. H., & Wong, P. K. (2004). An exploratory study of technopreneurial intentions: A career anchor perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 19(1), 7-28.

Liles, P. R. (1974). New business ventures and the entrepreneur. Homewood, Illinois: Irwin.

Menzies, T. V., Diochon, M., & Gasse, Y. (2004). Examining venture-related myths concerning women entrepreneurs. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 89-107.

Nosek, B. A., Banaji, M. R., & Greenwald, A. G. (2002). Mathematics for male and female. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(1), 44-59

Panzano, P. C., & Billings, R. S. (2005). An organisational level test of a partially mediated model of risky decision-making behaviour. Retrieved December, 1, 2009. from http://www.dssincorporated.com/Research/RiskyDecision/risky.html.