Siswa Berduka di Indonesia Membutuhkan Pendidikan Kematian: Rekomendasi Penerapan Konseling di Sekolah
Keywords:
death education, grief, death of relatives, guidance and counseling
Abstract
The death of the closest people leaves a feeling of loss and grief that can last into adulthood if it is not resolved. Children and adolescents are the most vulnerable subjects due to a lack of understanding about death and grief. Unfortunately, death education in Indonesia is still minimal, even though it can help children cope with grief as a basic response to loss. Death education should be provided by guidance and counseling teachers, but no studies or practices in Indonesia apply to this context. Therefore, this research was conducted to make recommendations based on a literature review on death education to help students cope with grief. This study uses the systematic literature review (SLR) method which aims to synthesize and present in-depth data from 20 selected previous studies from Google Scholar, PubMed, Harzing, and Mendeley. The implementation of death education can be focused on the explanation of death, the value of life and death, and strategies to cope with the grief caused by death. Practical strategies to implement death education in Indonesia can be developed before being widely practiced.
References
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Brent, D., Melhem, N., Donohoe, M. B., & Walker, M. (2009). The Incidence and Course of Depression in Bereaved Youth 21 Months After the Loss of a Parent to Suicide, Accident, or Sudden Natural Death. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(7), 786–794.
Cacciatore, J., Thieleman, K., Killian, M., & Tavasolli, K. (2015). Braving Human Suffering: Death Education and Its Relationship to Empathy and Mindfulness. Social Work Education, 34(1), 91–109.
Cerel, J., Fristad, M. A., Verducci, J., Weller, R. A., & Weller, E. B. (2006). Childhood Bereavement: Psychopathology in the 2 Years Postparental Death. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(6), 681–690.
Christ, G. H. (2000). Healing Children’s Grief: Surviving a Parent’s Death From Cancer. Oxford University Press.
Christ, G. H., Siegel, K., & Christ, A. E. (2002). Adolescent Grief: “It Never Really Hit Me... Until It Actually Happened.” Jama, 288(10), 1269–1278.
Corr, C. A., Corr, D. M., & Doka, K. J. (2018). Death and Dying, Life and Living. Cengage learning.
Dai, W., Chen, L., Lai, Z., Li, Y., Wang, J., & Liu, A. (2016). The Incidence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Survivors After Earthquakes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–11.
Das, E., & Peters, J. (2022). “They Never Really Leave Us”: Transcendent Narratives About Loss Resonate With the Experience of Severe Grief. Human Communication Research, 48(2), 320–345. https://academic.oup.com/hcr/article-abstract/48/2/320/6527011
Dickens, N. (2014). Prevalence of Prevalence of Complicated Grief and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Following Sibling Deathomplicated Grief and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Following Sibling Death. The Family Journal, 22(1), 119–126.
Doka, K. J. (2014). Living With Grief: After Sudden Loss Suicide, Homicide, Accident, Heart Attack, Stroke. api.taylorfrancis.com. https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9781315781563&type=googlepdf
Doka, K. J., & Davidson, J. D. (2014). Living With Grief: Who We Are How We Grieve. taylorfrancis.com. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315799087
Edgar, L. V, & Howard-Hamilton, M. (1994). Noncrisis Death Education in the Elementary School. Elementary
School Guidance & Counseling, 29(1), 38–46.
Fikri, M. (2014). Pendidikan Kematian: Memaknai Maut Menjadi Sebuah Kerinduan. Jurnal Mudarrisuna: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam, 4(1).
Fitzgerald, D. A., Nunn, K., & Isaacs, D. (2021). What We Have Learnt About Trauma, Loss and Grief for Children in Response to COVID-19. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 39, 16–21. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054221000610
Guidry, K., Simpson, C., Test, T., & Bloomfield, C. (2013). Ambiguous Loss and Its Effects on Children: Implications and Interventions for School Counselors. Journal of School Counseling, 11(15), n15.
Hannon, M. D., Mohabir, R. K., & ... (2019). School Counselors, Multiple Student Deaths, and Grief: A Narrative Inquiry. Journal of Counseling …. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12234
He, L., Tang, S., Yu, W., Xu, W., Xie, Q., & Wang, J. (2014). The Prevalence, Comorbidity and Risks of Prolonged Grief Disorder Among Bereaved Chinese Adults. Psychiatry Research, 219(2), 347–352.
Horn, E. A., & Hoskins, W. J. (2011). Death Education: An Internationally Relevant Approach to Grief Counseling. Journal for International Counselor Education, 3(1), 3.
Jarvis, T. M. (2015). Applying a Grief Response Framework to Death/Loss in Schools. Georgia School Counselors Association Journal, 22, 6–11.
Jenkins, R. A., & Cavanaugh, J. C. (1986). Examining the Relationship Between the Development of the Concept of Death and Overall Cognitive Development. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 16(3), 193–199.
Kentish-Barnes, N., Chaize, M., Seegers, V., Legriel, S., Cariou, A., Jaber, S., Lefrant, J.-Y., Floccard, B., Renault, A., & Vinatier, I. (2015). Complicated Grief After Death of a Relative in the Intensive Care Unit. European Respiratory Journal, 45(5), 1341–1352.
Kulathilaka, S., Hanwella, R., & de Silva, V. A. (2016). Depressive Disorder and Grief Following Spontaneous Abortion. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 1–6.
Martínez-Heredia, N., Soriano Díaz, A., Amaro Agudo, A., & González-Gijón, G. (2021). Health Education as a Means of Addressing Death in the Elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6652.
McClatchey, I. S., & King, S. (2015). The Impact of Death Education on Fear of Death and Death Anxiety Among Human Services Students. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 71(4), 343–361.
Melhem, N. M., Moritz, G., Walker, M., Shear, M. K., & Brent, D. (2007). Phenomenology and Correlates of Complicated Grief in Children and Adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(4), 493–499.
Melhem, N. M., Porta, G., Shamseddeen, W., Payne, M. W., & Brent, D. A. (2011). Grief in Children and Adolescents Bereaved by Sudden Parental Death. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(9), 911–919.
Miles, L., & Corr, C. A. (2017). Death Cafe: What Is It and What We Can Learn From It. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 75(2), 151–165.
Mohamed Hussin, N. A., Guàrdia-Olmos, J., & Liisa Aho, A. (2018). The Use of Religion in Coping With Grief Among Bereaved Malay Muslim Parents. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 21(4), 395–407.
Neimeyer, R. A. (2001). The Language of Loss: Grief Therapy as a Process of Meaning Reconstruction. psycnet.apa.org. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-00141-014
Neimeyer, R. A., & Van Brunt, D. (2018). Death Anxiety. Dying: Facing the Facts, 49–88.
Osterweis, M., Solomon, F., & Green, M. (1984). Bereavement During Childhood and Adolescence. In Bereavement: Reactions, consequences, and care. National Academies Press (US).
Phan, H. P., Ngu, B. H., Chen, S. C., Wu, L., Lin, W.-W., & Hsu, C.-S. (2020). Introducing the Study of Life and Death Education to Support the Importance of Positive Psychology: An Integrated Model of Philosophical Beliefs, Religious Faith, and Spirituality. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 580186.
Pollock, A., & Berge, E. (2018). How to Do A Systematic Review. International Journal of Stroke, 13(2), 138–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493017743796
Pynoos, R. S. (1992). Grief and Trauma in Children and Adolescents. Bereavement Care, 11(1), 2–10.
Ryerson, M. S. (1977). Death Education and Counseling for Children. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 11(3), 147–173.
Sanderson, C. (2013). Counselling skills for working with trauma: Healing from child sexual abuse, sexual violence and domestic abuse. books.google.com. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sVv4AAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=guilt+people+pleaser&ots=5yD1L-EBMh&sig=XRTsHwsdCABailVv1pT3__RBHKM
Santos, S., Sá, T., Aguiar, I., Cardoso, I., Correia, Z., & ... (2021). Case Report: Parental Loss and Childhood Grief During COVID-19 Pandemic. In Frontiers in …. frontiersin.org. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626940
Sciarra, D. T. (2004). School Counseling: Foundation and Contemporary Issues. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
Seng, H. Z., & Lee, P. W. (2022). Death Education in Malaysia: From Challenges to Implementation. International Journal of Practices in Teaching and Learning, 2(1). https://ijptl.uitm.edu.my/files/v2n1-feb2022/IJPTL_209.pdf
Shaver, P. R., & Fraley, R. C. (2008). Attachment, Loss, and Grief: Bowlby’s Views and Current Controversies. psycnet.apa.org. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-13837-003
Siler, A. H., Greenleaf, A., & Graham, M. A. (2022). Crisis Intervention for School Counselors. Foundations of School Counseling: Innovations in Professional Practice, 167.
Stikkelbroek, Y., Bodden, D. H. M., Reitz, E., Vollebergh, W. A. M., & van Baar, A. L. (2016). Mental Health of Adolescents Before and After the Death of a Parent or Sibling. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 49–59.
Tang, S., & Xiang, Z. (2021). Who Suffered Most After Deaths Due to COVID-19? Prevalence and Correlates of Prolonged Grief Disorder in COVID-19 Related Bereaved Adults. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 1–9.
Thompson, L. M., Dickerson, B. E., & Wester, M. H. (1975). Death: The Role of the Counselor. TPGA Journal, 4(1), 45–50.
Unwin, H. J. T., Hillis, S., Cluver, L., Flaxman, S., Goldman, P. S., Butchart, A., Bachman, G., Rawlings, L., Donnelly, C. A., & Ratmann, O. (2022). Global, Regional, and National Minimum Estimates of Children Affected by COVID-19-Associated Orphanhood and Caregiver Death, by Age and Family Circumstance up to Oct 31, 2021: An Updated Modelling Study. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 6(4), 249–259.
Utz, R. L., Caserta, M., & Lund, D. (2012). Grief, Depressive Symptoms, and Physical Health Among Recently Bereaved Spouses. The Gerontologist, 52(4), 460–471.
Wahyuningrum, Suryanto, & Suminar. (2020). Parenting in Digital Era: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 9(3).
Weller, E. B., Weller, R. A., Fristad, M. A., Cain, S. E., & Bowes, J. M. (1988). Should Children Attend Their Parent’s Funeral? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(5), 559–562.
Wijaya, B. H., & Hanifuddin, I. (2021). Pembiayaan Pendidikan Anak Yatim Piatu Sebagai Dampak Sekunder Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia Melalui Zakat. Invest Journal of Sharia & Economic Law, 1(2), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.21154/invest.v1i2.3510
Wilder, P. (1980). The Role of the Elementary School Counselor in Counseling About Death. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 15(1), 56–65.
Wolfelt, A. (2013). Helping Children Cope With Grief. api.taylorfrancis.com. https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9780203767771&type=googlepdf
Wong, W.-Y. (2009). The Growth of Death Awareness Through Death Education Among University Students in Hong Kong. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 59(2), 113–128.
Wong, W. (2017). The Concept of Death and the Growth of Death Awareness Among University Students in Hong Kong: A Study of the Efficacy of Death Education Programmes in Hong Kong Universities. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 74(3), 304–328.
Worden, J. W. (1996). Children and Grief: When a Parent Dies. Guilford Press.
Balk, D. (1983). Effects of Sibling Death on Teenagers. Journal of School Health, 53(1), 14–18.
Brent, D., Melhem, N., Donohoe, M. B., & Walker, M. (2009). The Incidence and Course of Depression in Bereaved Youth 21 Months After the Loss of a Parent to Suicide, Accident, or Sudden Natural Death. American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(7), 786–794.
Cacciatore, J., Thieleman, K., Killian, M., & Tavasolli, K. (2015). Braving Human Suffering: Death Education and Its Relationship to Empathy and Mindfulness. Social Work Education, 34(1), 91–109.
Cerel, J., Fristad, M. A., Verducci, J., Weller, R. A., & Weller, E. B. (2006). Childhood Bereavement: Psychopathology in the 2 Years Postparental Death. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(6), 681–690.
Christ, G. H. (2000). Healing Children’s Grief: Surviving a Parent’s Death From Cancer. Oxford University Press.
Christ, G. H., Siegel, K., & Christ, A. E. (2002). Adolescent Grief: “It Never Really Hit Me... Until It Actually Happened.” Jama, 288(10), 1269–1278.
Corr, C. A., Corr, D. M., & Doka, K. J. (2018). Death and Dying, Life and Living. Cengage learning.
Dai, W., Chen, L., Lai, Z., Li, Y., Wang, J., & Liu, A. (2016). The Incidence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among Survivors After Earthquakes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1–11.
Das, E., & Peters, J. (2022). “They Never Really Leave Us”: Transcendent Narratives About Loss Resonate With the Experience of Severe Grief. Human Communication Research, 48(2), 320–345. https://academic.oup.com/hcr/article-abstract/48/2/320/6527011
Dickens, N. (2014). Prevalence of Prevalence of Complicated Grief and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Following Sibling Deathomplicated Grief and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Following Sibling Death. The Family Journal, 22(1), 119–126.
Doka, K. J. (2014). Living With Grief: After Sudden Loss Suicide, Homicide, Accident, Heart Attack, Stroke. api.taylorfrancis.com. https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9781315781563&type=googlepdf
Doka, K. J., & Davidson, J. D. (2014). Living With Grief: Who We Are How We Grieve. taylorfrancis.com. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315799087
Edgar, L. V, & Howard-Hamilton, M. (1994). Noncrisis Death Education in the Elementary School. Elementary
School Guidance & Counseling, 29(1), 38–46.
Fikri, M. (2014). Pendidikan Kematian: Memaknai Maut Menjadi Sebuah Kerinduan. Jurnal Mudarrisuna: Media Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam, 4(1).
Fitzgerald, D. A., Nunn, K., & Isaacs, D. (2021). What We Have Learnt About Trauma, Loss and Grief for Children in Response to COVID-19. Paediatric Respiratory Reviews, 39, 16–21. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1526054221000610
Guidry, K., Simpson, C., Test, T., & Bloomfield, C. (2013). Ambiguous Loss and Its Effects on Children: Implications and Interventions for School Counselors. Journal of School Counseling, 11(15), n15.
Hannon, M. D., Mohabir, R. K., & ... (2019). School Counselors, Multiple Student Deaths, and Grief: A Narrative Inquiry. Journal of Counseling …. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12234
He, L., Tang, S., Yu, W., Xu, W., Xie, Q., & Wang, J. (2014). The Prevalence, Comorbidity and Risks of Prolonged Grief Disorder Among Bereaved Chinese Adults. Psychiatry Research, 219(2), 347–352.
Horn, E. A., & Hoskins, W. J. (2011). Death Education: An Internationally Relevant Approach to Grief Counseling. Journal for International Counselor Education, 3(1), 3.
Jarvis, T. M. (2015). Applying a Grief Response Framework to Death/Loss in Schools. Georgia School Counselors Association Journal, 22, 6–11.
Jenkins, R. A., & Cavanaugh, J. C. (1986). Examining the Relationship Between the Development of the Concept of Death and Overall Cognitive Development. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 16(3), 193–199.
Kentish-Barnes, N., Chaize, M., Seegers, V., Legriel, S., Cariou, A., Jaber, S., Lefrant, J.-Y., Floccard, B., Renault, A., & Vinatier, I. (2015). Complicated Grief After Death of a Relative in the Intensive Care Unit. European Respiratory Journal, 45(5), 1341–1352.
Kulathilaka, S., Hanwella, R., & de Silva, V. A. (2016). Depressive Disorder and Grief Following Spontaneous Abortion. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 1–6.
Martínez-Heredia, N., Soriano Díaz, A., Amaro Agudo, A., & González-Gijón, G. (2021). Health Education as a Means of Addressing Death in the Elderly. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(12), 6652.
McClatchey, I. S., & King, S. (2015). The Impact of Death Education on Fear of Death and Death Anxiety Among Human Services Students. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 71(4), 343–361.
Melhem, N. M., Moritz, G., Walker, M., Shear, M. K., & Brent, D. (2007). Phenomenology and Correlates of Complicated Grief in Children and Adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(4), 493–499.
Melhem, N. M., Porta, G., Shamseddeen, W., Payne, M. W., & Brent, D. A. (2011). Grief in Children and Adolescents Bereaved by Sudden Parental Death. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(9), 911–919.
Miles, L., & Corr, C. A. (2017). Death Cafe: What Is It and What We Can Learn From It. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 75(2), 151–165.
Mohamed Hussin, N. A., Guàrdia-Olmos, J., & Liisa Aho, A. (2018). The Use of Religion in Coping With Grief Among Bereaved Malay Muslim Parents. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 21(4), 395–407.
Neimeyer, R. A. (2001). The Language of Loss: Grief Therapy as a Process of Meaning Reconstruction. psycnet.apa.org. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-00141-014
Neimeyer, R. A., & Van Brunt, D. (2018). Death Anxiety. Dying: Facing the Facts, 49–88.
Osterweis, M., Solomon, F., & Green, M. (1984). Bereavement During Childhood and Adolescence. In Bereavement: Reactions, consequences, and care. National Academies Press (US).
Phan, H. P., Ngu, B. H., Chen, S. C., Wu, L., Lin, W.-W., & Hsu, C.-S. (2020). Introducing the Study of Life and Death Education to Support the Importance of Positive Psychology: An Integrated Model of Philosophical Beliefs, Religious Faith, and Spirituality. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 580186.
Pollock, A., & Berge, E. (2018). How to Do A Systematic Review. International Journal of Stroke, 13(2), 138–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493017743796
Pynoos, R. S. (1992). Grief and Trauma in Children and Adolescents. Bereavement Care, 11(1), 2–10.
Ryerson, M. S. (1977). Death Education and Counseling for Children. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 11(3), 147–173.
Sanderson, C. (2013). Counselling skills for working with trauma: Healing from child sexual abuse, sexual violence and domestic abuse. books.google.com. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=sVv4AAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA9&dq=guilt+people+pleaser&ots=5yD1L-EBMh&sig=XRTsHwsdCABailVv1pT3__RBHKM
Santos, S., Sá, T., Aguiar, I., Cardoso, I., Correia, Z., & ... (2021). Case Report: Parental Loss and Childhood Grief During COVID-19 Pandemic. In Frontiers in …. frontiersin.org. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626940
Sciarra, D. T. (2004). School Counseling: Foundation and Contemporary Issues. Thomson Brooks/Cole Publishing Co.
Seng, H. Z., & Lee, P. W. (2022). Death Education in Malaysia: From Challenges to Implementation. International Journal of Practices in Teaching and Learning, 2(1). https://ijptl.uitm.edu.my/files/v2n1-feb2022/IJPTL_209.pdf
Shaver, P. R., & Fraley, R. C. (2008). Attachment, Loss, and Grief: Bowlby’s Views and Current Controversies. psycnet.apa.org. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2008-13837-003
Siler, A. H., Greenleaf, A., & Graham, M. A. (2022). Crisis Intervention for School Counselors. Foundations of School Counseling: Innovations in Professional Practice, 167.
Stikkelbroek, Y., Bodden, D. H. M., Reitz, E., Vollebergh, W. A. M., & van Baar, A. L. (2016). Mental Health of Adolescents Before and After the Death of a Parent or Sibling. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 25, 49–59.
Tang, S., & Xiang, Z. (2021). Who Suffered Most After Deaths Due to COVID-19? Prevalence and Correlates of Prolonged Grief Disorder in COVID-19 Related Bereaved Adults. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 1–9.
Thompson, L. M., Dickerson, B. E., & Wester, M. H. (1975). Death: The Role of the Counselor. TPGA Journal, 4(1), 45–50.
Unwin, H. J. T., Hillis, S., Cluver, L., Flaxman, S., Goldman, P. S., Butchart, A., Bachman, G., Rawlings, L., Donnelly, C. A., & Ratmann, O. (2022). Global, Regional, and National Minimum Estimates of Children Affected by COVID-19-Associated Orphanhood and Caregiver Death, by Age and Family Circumstance up to Oct 31, 2021: An Updated Modelling Study. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 6(4), 249–259.
Utz, R. L., Caserta, M., & Lund, D. (2012). Grief, Depressive Symptoms, and Physical Health Among Recently Bereaved Spouses. The Gerontologist, 52(4), 460–471.
Wahyuningrum, Suryanto, & Suminar. (2020). Parenting in Digital Era: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 9(3).
Weller, E. B., Weller, R. A., Fristad, M. A., Cain, S. E., & Bowes, J. M. (1988). Should Children Attend Their Parent’s Funeral? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(5), 559–562.
Wijaya, B. H., & Hanifuddin, I. (2021). Pembiayaan Pendidikan Anak Yatim Piatu Sebagai Dampak Sekunder Pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia Melalui Zakat. Invest Journal of Sharia & Economic Law, 1(2), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.21154/invest.v1i2.3510
Wilder, P. (1980). The Role of the Elementary School Counselor in Counseling About Death. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 15(1), 56–65.
Wolfelt, A. (2013). Helping Children Cope With Grief. api.taylorfrancis.com. https://api.taylorfrancis.com/content/books/mono/download?identifierName=doi&identifierValue=10.4324/9780203767771&type=googlepdf
Wong, W.-Y. (2009). The Growth of Death Awareness Through Death Education Among University Students in Hong Kong. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 59(2), 113–128.
Wong, W. (2017). The Concept of Death and the Growth of Death Awareness Among University Students in Hong Kong: A Study of the Efficacy of Death Education Programmes in Hong Kong Universities. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying, 74(3), 304–328.
Worden, J. W. (1996). Children and Grief: When a Parent Dies. Guilford Press.
Published
2023-07-31
How to Cite
Novianti, N., Supriatna, M., & Nadhirah, N. (2023). Siswa Berduka di Indonesia Membutuhkan Pendidikan Kematian: Rekomendasi Penerapan Konseling di Sekolah. Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling, 7(2), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.30653/001.202372.280
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Section
Theoretical/Conceptual Article
Copyright (c) 2023 Novianti Novianti, Mamat Supriatna, Nadia Aulia Nadhirah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
